Trauma is a uniquely complex and pervasive experience that can leave lasting effects on its victims. Fortunately, there are various therapeutic modalities that aim to address trauma and its consequences. One such approach that is gaining recognition and popularity is Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) therapy. In this guide, we’ll cover the basics of EMDR therapy, its history and development, its efficacy, and why it’s worth considering as a tool for trauma recovery.
Understanding EMDR Therapy
EMDR therapy is a psychotherapy approach developed to help individuals overcome the distressing symptoms of traumatic experiences. Unlike traditional talk therapy, EMDR incorporates bilateral stimulation techniques, such as eye movements, taps, or sounds, to facilitate the processing of traumatic memories and promote adaptive resolution.
Development of EMDR Therapy
EMDR was first developed by Francine Shapiro, Ph.D., in the late 1980s. Dr. Shapiro discovered the therapeutic potential of bilateral stimulation by observing how her own spontaneous eye movements diminished the intensity of her distressing thoughts. Building upon this observation, she developed a structured protocol for EMDR therapy, which she outlined in her seminal work, “Eye Movement Desensitization: Basic Principles, Protocols, and Procedures.”
How EMDR Works
EMDR therapy operates on the principle that traumatic experiences can get “stuck” in the brain, leading to ongoing distress and dysfunction. During an EMDR session, the therapist guides the client through a series of standardized procedures designed to access and process traumatic memories. This typically involves the client recalling distressing experiences while simultaneously engaging in bilateral stimulation, such as following the therapist’s hand movements with their eyes.
The bilateral stimulation is thought to activate the brain’s natural information processing mechanisms, allowing traumatic memories to be reprocessed and integrated into the individual’s overall memory network. Through this process, the emotional charge associated with the trauma diminishes, making way for more adaptive beliefs and emotions to emerge.
Efficacy of EMDR Therapy
Numerous studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of EMDR therapy in treating trauma-related conditions, including post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), anxiety disorders, depression, and other psychological issues. For example, one meta-analysis found that EMDR therapy produced significant reductions in PTSD symptoms, with effect sizes comparable to those of cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) and other established treatments.
Another meta-analysis concluded that EMDR therapy was more effective than no treatment and as effective as exposure therapies in reducing symptoms of PTSD. Additionally, EMDR has been shown to produce lasting results, with many individuals experiencing sustained improvements in their symptoms even after completing a relatively brief course of treatment.
Considering EMDR Therapy
If you’re considering EMDR therapy as a treatment option for trauma, it’s essential to consult with a qualified mental health professional who is trained in this modality. EMDR therapy requires specialized training and a thorough understanding of trauma and its impacts on an individual.
During your initial consultation, your therapist will assess your specific needs and determine whether EMDR therapy is an appropriate treatment approach for you. They will also explain the EMDR process in detail, addressing any questions or concerns you may have about the therapy.
Contraindications for EMDR Therapy
While EMDR therapy has shown remarkable efficacy in treating trauma-related conditions, it’s essential to recognize that it may not be suitable for everyone. Like any therapeutic approach, EMDR has specific contraindications and considerations that therapists and clients should be aware of before embarking on treatment, including some of the following.
Severe Mental Illness
Individuals with severe and untreated mental illnesses, such as schizophrenia or bipolar disorder, may not be suitable candidates for EMDR therapy. These conditions can significantly affect an individual’s ability to engage in the therapeutic process and may require stabilization through other means before considering EMDR.
Active Substance Use Disorders
Substance use disorders can impair cognitive functioning and emotional regulation, making it challenging for individuals to fully engage in and benefit from EMDR therapy. It’s essential for individuals struggling with active substance use to prioritize stabilization and sobriety before beginning trauma-focused therapy.
Acute Psychosis or Dissociation
EMDR therapy involves accessing and processing traumatic memories, which can be emotionally intense and potentially triggering for individuals experiencing acute psychosis or dissociative symptoms. In such cases, it’s crucial for therapists to address stabilization and safety before introducing EMDR techniques.
Lack of Readiness
EMDR therapy requires a certain level of readiness and willingness on the part of the client to engage in the therapeutic process. Some individuals may not feel ready to confront traumatic memories or may have difficulty trusting the therapeutic relationship, making EMDR less effective or appropriate for them at that time.
Limited Cognitive or Emotional Resources
Individuals with significant cognitive impairments or emotional limitations may struggle to engage in the cognitive processing required for EMDR therapy effectively. Therapists should assess the client’s cognitive and emotional resources to determine if they have the capacity to benefit from EMDR or if alternative approaches may be more suitable.
Risk of Harm
EMDR therapy involves accessing and processing traumatic memories, which can elicit strong emotional reactions and distress in some individuals. Therapists must carefully assess the client’s stability and ability to manage distress before proceeding with EMDR to minimize the risk of re-traumatization.
Informed Consent
Informed consent is a crucial ethical consideration in EMDR therapy, as clients need to understand the nature of the treatment, potential risks and benefits, and alternatives before consenting to participate. Therapists should ensure that clients are fully informed and empowered to make decisions about their treatment.
Healing With EMDR
EMDR offers a promising approach to healing trauma and its associated symptoms. Through its unique combination of bilateral stimulation and structured therapeutic protocols, EMDR therapy helps many individuals process traumatic memories and achieve resolution, leading to improved overall well-being. If you’re considering EMDR therapy as a treatment option, reach out to a qualified mental health professional to explore this modality further and embark on your journey towards healing and recovery.
While EMDR therapy has demonstrated significant benefits for many individuals struggling with trauma-related conditions, it’s essential to recognize that it may not be suitable for everyone. Therapists should conduct thorough assessments and engage in collaborative decision-making with their clients to determine the most appropriate treatment approach based on their unique needs and circumstances.
EMDR Therapy at All Points North
At All Points North, we work with a variety of therapists who are trained in EMDR therapy and trauma-informed care. If you’re wondering if EMDR might be right for you, submit our confidential contact form or call us at 855.934.1178.
References
- Ala’ilima, Kimberly, and Dena Westphalen. “Bilateral Stimulation: What It Is, Effects, & Use in EMDR.” ChoosingTherapy.Com, www.choosingtherapy.com/bilateral-stimulation/. Accessed 25 June 2024.
- Chen, Ying-Ren et al. “Efficacy of eye-movement desensitization and reprocessing for patients with posttraumatic-stress disorder: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.” PloS one vol. 9,8 e103676. 7 Aug. 2014, doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0103676
- “Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) Therapy.” American Psychological Association, American Psychological Association, www.apa.org/ptsd-guideline/treatments/eye-movement-reprocessing. Accessed 25 June 2024.
- “EMDR Therapy: What It Is, Procedure & Effectiveness.” Cleveland Clinic, my.clevelandclinic.org/health/treatments/22641-emdr-therapy. Accessed 25 June 2024.
- “Francine Shapiro, Ph.D..” EMDR Institute, 7 Mar. 2024, www.emdr.com/francine-shapiro-ph-d/.
- Lee CW, Cuijpers P. A meta-analysis of the contribution of eye movements in processing emotional memories. J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry. 2013 Jun;44(2):231-9. doi: 10.1016/j.jbtep.2012.11.001. Epub 2012 Nov 20. PMID: 23266601.
- Shapiro, Francine. “The role of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) therapy in medicine: addressing the psychological and physical symptoms stemming from adverse life experiences.” The Permanente journal vol. 18,1 (2014): 71-7. doi:10.7812/TPP/13-098
- “Trauma.” American Psychological Association, American Psychological Association, www.apa.org/topics/trauma/. Accessed 25 June 2024.
- “What Is EMDR?” EMDR Institute, 3 Jan. 2024, www.emdr.com/what-is-emdr/.
